There might be the case, that after windows update did automatically install new updates which are deployed when shutting windows down, the database where the tiles in the start menue are configured is broken.
To restore the tile database of the start menue:
Pressing [Ctrl] + [Shift] + [Del] opens the task manager.
Press More details to expand the task manager view.
Find Windows-Explorer and close the task by [Right click] + [Close task].
After clicking on New task, enter Powershell and press [ENTER]
Enter following 2 commands into the PowerShell:Get-appxpackage -all *shellexperience* -packagetype bundle |% {add-appxpackage -register -disabledevelopmentmode ($_.installlocation + “\appxmetadata\appxbundlemanifest.xml”)}
after this is finished enter:
Get-AppxPackage | % { Add-AppxPackage -DisableDevelopmentMode -Register "$($_.InstallLocation)\AppxManifest.xml" -verbose }
In the Task Manager click New task and type without explorer.exe
and submit it with [ENTER]
Now the start menue is working again.