phpmyadmin

First the excel file was converted to a CSV file using LibreOffice Calc.

Then using the web generator https://codebeautify.org/csv-to-sql-converter and entering some database specific details (tablename, columnname identifier, columnname targetvalue) and choosing "CSV to SQL(INSERT)" an SQL script was generated that inserts into each row with the identifier the corresponding value from the CSV file.

The output was saved as an .sql file.
A a database backup created.
Afterwards the sql-file was uploaded into phpMyAdmin as an import script and executed perfectly.