Compared to the flagships Google Mail, Calendar or Search, Google Alerts is a really simple tool. Nevertheless it's extremely useful. The core usage of Google Alerts is pretty straight forward and implied by its name: You get an alert when a specific search term is found by the Google Web Crawler. Typically Google, they don't offer to much details on the technical aspects, reliability or internals of this service but anyhow: at least my practical experiments were rather successful.
Google Alerts is quite easy to set up: You go to http://www.google.at/alerts, enter a search term and the details about how you want to get notified and that's it. You will then receive a mail (or an RSS item) in the selected interval for your specific inquiry.
Google Alerts can easily be used to detect duplicated content on the web. You just enter some keyword combinations from your original content and let Google Alerts do the rest. Note that however, this will only work for content that is actually found by the Google Crawler, which typically excludes Intranets, password protected sites or file formats different then HTML, CHM, PDF, etc.