driver
The answer is: it depends.
It depends on the programming language you are using and partially on the database you are using.
Most of the databases are services running on a web service. We can communicate with them using a special protocol, while we know the address and the port of the server where it runs. There are also databases stored in files, where we specify the target file.
Most of the programming lanugages and frameworks provide a "Connector" for databases, which allows us to communicate with the database. Of course you need to check if your programming language has a driver for the database type you want to connect to. Some frameworks or programming languaes also offer a higher level control structures called object-relational mapping, where the user can easily read or write some objects defined in the project.
Use automated UI Test, which is possible with the Selenium library and a browser driver. The browser driver allows us to run actions in a browser while writing code. The Selenium library is an interface to connect many browsers with the same code base. So now we are able to code a simple test, where a robot is automatically clicking through the website and trying out the login functionality. This technique may also apply to test other important and high priority UI features.
